[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.inved.cz\/graficke-techniky\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.inved.cz\/graficke-techniky\/","headline":"Grafick\u00e9 techniky","name":"Grafick\u00e9 techniky","description":"Zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak vytvo\u0159it obrazovou informaci ve v\u00edce exempl\u00e1\u0159\u00edch, je v\u00edcero. Klasick\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby, kter\u00e9 byly vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny v minul\u00e9m stolet\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bji, jsou rozd\u011bleny do t\u0159\u00ed kategori\u00ed. Tisk z v\u00fd\u0161ky, hloubky a plochy. P\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 z t\u011bchto technik byla vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00e1 grafiky, mal\u00ed\u0159i, kresl\u00ed\u0159i \u010di ilustr\u00e1tory k jin\u00fdm zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm vytvo\u0159en\u00e9ho origin\u00e1lu. Nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsoby tisku se za\u010daly objevovat p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u0159i","datePublished":"2023-12-28","dateModified":"2023-12-28","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.inved.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.inved.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/15c4177f6d86975c976af12ba80b10af7add2f97f8786f8cf1596253472c0ea7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/15c4177f6d86975c976af12ba80b10af7add2f97f8786f8cf1596253472c0ea7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"inved.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.inved.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/gilberto-olimpio-Yl2y64ETo_U-unsplash_1.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.inved.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/gilberto-olimpio-Yl2y64ETo_U-unsplash_1.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.inved.cz\/graficke-techniky\/","about":["Technika"],"wordCount":424,"articleBody":"Zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak vytvo\u0159it obrazovou informaci ve v\u00edce exempl\u00e1\u0159\u00edch, je v\u00edcero. Klasick\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby, kter\u00e9 byly vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny v minul\u00e9m stolet\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bji, jsou rozd\u011bleny do t\u0159\u00ed kategori\u00ed. Tisk z v\u00fd\u0161ky, hloubky a plochy. P\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 z t\u011bchto technik byla vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00e1 grafiky, mal\u00ed\u0159i, kresl\u00ed\u0159i \u010di ilustr\u00e1tory k jin\u00fdm zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm vytvo\u0159en\u00e9ho origin\u00e1lu. Nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsoby tisku se za\u010daly objevovat p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u0159i tvorb\u011b reklamn\u00edch tisk\u016f. Kdy bylo pot\u0159eba z autorsk\u00e9ho origin\u00e1lu vytvo\u0159it v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed tisk\u016f. Nejd\u0159\u00edve to byl pr\u016ftisk, n\u00e1sledoval s\u00edtotisk, u kter\u00e9ho technika jeho p\u0159enosu umo\u017e\u0148ovala potisknout i v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed form\u00e1ty. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b hraje prim zp\u016fsob tisku digit\u00e1ln\u00ed, vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 techniky.Snad \u00fapln\u011b nejstar\u0161\u00ed technikou, kter\u00e1 se dostala z D\u00e1ln\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu do Evropy u\u017e koncem 14. stolet\u00ed, je d\u0159evo\u0159ez. P\u0159esn\u011b v dob\u011b, kdy se mu stal pap\u00edr jako nosn\u00e9 m\u00e9dium. Tiskov\u00e1 deska byla p\u0159ipravov\u00e1na z tvrd\u00e9ho d\u0159eva. Do kter\u00e9ho byl pot\u0159ebn\u00fd motiv vy\u0159ez\u00e1n pomoc\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0159ez\u00e1k\u016f a dl\u00e1tek. Koncem 18. stolet\u00ed byla patentov\u00e1na um\u011bleck\u00e1 technika, d\u0159evo\u0159ez. Kter\u00e1 u\u017e byla jemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a detailn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a tisknout ji\u017e bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 i barevn\u00e9 p\u016flt\u00f3ny. N\u00e1sledoval linoryt a lino\u0159ez, kter\u00fd je obl\u00edbenou technikou dodnes. Matrice b\u00fdv\u00e1 speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi r\u00fdtky tvo\u0159ena do r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f linole\u00ed. Od korkov\u00e9ho a\u017e po toho z PVC.Mechanick\u00fdmi technikami tisku z hloubky je m\u011bdiryt a oceloryt a mezi nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed such\u00e1 jehla. Rytina, kter\u00e1 se tvo\u0159\u00ed z jak\u00e9hokoliv kovu. \u010casto i hlin\u00edku. Obdobnou technikou je i mezzotinta. Ke kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 desky. Unad\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed potisknout pap\u00edr jemn\u00fdmi barevn\u00fdmi val\u00e9ry. Leptem si u\u017e v renesan\u010dn\u00edch d\u00edln\u00e1ch rytci usnad\u0148ovali pr\u00e1ci. T\u00edm, \u017ee nebyla zapot\u0159eb\u00ed ani r\u00fdtka, ani no\u017ee a \u0159ez\u00e1ky. P\u0159es akvatintu, kamenotisk, litografii se ve 30. letech 20. stolet\u00ed stala nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed technikou serigrafie. Kter\u00e1 v 60. letech byla pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na um\u011bleck\u00fdm hnut\u00edm pop-artu. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed tisk je od osmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch let nejmasov\u011bji po\u017e\u00edvanou technikou. Jeho rychlost, preciznost a barevn\u00e1 dokonalost je neoddiskutovateln\u00e1.\u00a0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Grafick\u00e9 techniky","item":"https:\/\/www.inved.cz\/graficke-techniky\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]